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Plan Your Trip
Whether you are traveling overseas for business,
pleasure or study, the best way to ensure a carefree and
relaxing trip is to prevent problems before they happen.
The more you learn about passports, visas, customs,
immunizations, and other travel basics, the less likely
you are to have difficulties during your travels.
Before finalizing your project, take some time to think
about your safety. What about your health needs, are you
well protected? Should you take out insurance? Are there
things to do or avoid in this country? Is the political
situation stable? Lots of questions need to be asked
when going to an unknown country and you should consider
them before finalizing your plans? You'd like to go on a
trip and organize an itinerary that suits your personal
tastes, but you're not sure how to go about it? Or where
to start? A travel agent provides us with some of the
essential questions we should ask ourselves.
Going on a trip soon? It's hard to get
information about where you're going from where you are.
The traditional travel resource is a travel agency, but
who wants to get someone to plan your route and give you
dry commentary, when you can get that and more for free
on the Net? Here, you can have your route planned
automatically, get first-hand reports on where to stay,
eat, and go, have a map made with a mark at your hotel
or your friend's house, and get a directory of web sites
relating to a particular city. It's all fast and easy to
use. Have fun.
Tools for travelers
Use these features while planning your perfect trip on
clickiran.com Our up-to-date information on points of
interest, lodging, weather, and road construction will
help you make the most of the journey and avoid
unnecessary delays.
Things
to do
Looking for a quick and easy way to find things to see
and do while you're on your road trip? Search our
collection of thousands of the most popular activities,
must-see attractions, and can't-miss events in cities
and communities across the U.S.
Palaces to stay
Need a place to stay the night on your trip? Search for
accommodations within the Iran & other places based on
your preferences. Then you can book your reservations
right from your computer.
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Risks from Food and Drink
Contaminated food and drink are common sources for the
introduction of infection into the body. Among the more
common infections that travelers can acquire from
contaminated food and drink are Escherichia coli
infections, shigellosis or bacillary dysentery,
giardiasis, cryptosporidiosis, Norwalk-like viruses, and
hepatitis A. Other less common infectious disease risks
for travelers include typhoid fever and other
salmonelloses, cholera, rotavirus infections, and a
variety of protozoan and helminthic parasites (other
than those that cause giardiasis and cryptosporidiosis).
Many of the infectious diseases transmitted in food and
water can also be acquired directly through the
fecal-oral route.
Food
To avoid illness, travelers should be advised to select
food with care. All raw food is subject to
contamination. Particularly in areas where hygiene and
sanitation are inadequate, the traveler should be
advised to avoid salads, uncooked vegetables, and
unpasteurized milk and milk products such as cheese, and
to eat only food that has been cooked and is still hot
or fruit that has been peeled by the traveler
personally. Undercooked and raw meat, fish, and
shellfish can carry various intestinal pathogens. Cooked
food that has been allowed to stand for several hours at
ambient temperature can provide a fertile medium for
bacterial growth and should be thoroughly reheated
before serving. Consumption of food and beverages
obtained from street food vendors has been associated
with an increased risk of illness. The easiest way to
guarantee a safe food source for an infant <6 months of
age is to have the infant breast feed. If the infant has
already been weaned from the breast, formula prepared
from commercial powder and boiled water is the safest
and most practical food.
Some species of fish and shellfish can contain poisonous
biotoxins, even when well cooked. The most common type
of biotoxin in fish is ciguatoxin. The flesh of the
barracuda is the most toxic laden and should always be
avoided. Red snapper, grouper, amberjack, sea bass, and
a wide range of tropical reef fish contain the toxin at
unpredictable times. The potential for ciguatera
poisoning exists in all subtropical and tropical insular
areas of the Caribbean and the Pacific and Indian Oceans
where the implicated fish species are eaten. Symptoms of
ciguatera poisoning include gastroenteritis followed by
neurologic problems such as dysesthesias, temperature
reversal, weakness, and, rarely, hypotension. Scombroid
is another common fish poisoning that occurs worldwide
in tropical as well as temperate regions. Fish of the
Scombridae family (e.g., bluefin, yellowfin tuna,
mackerel, and bonito), as well as some nonscombroid fish
(e.g., mahimahi, herring, amberjack, and bluefish) may
contain high levels of histidine in their flesh. With
improper refrigeration or preservation, histidine is
converted to histamine, which can cause flushing,
headache, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and urticaria.
Cholera cases have occurred in people who ate crab
brought back from Latin America by travelers. Travelers
should be advised not to bring perishable seafood with
them when they return to the United States from
high-risk areas. Also, the incorrect assumption is often
made that food and water aboard commercial aircraft are
safe. Food and water may be obtained in the country of
departure where items may be contaminated as well.
Water
Water that has been adequately chlorinated, by using
minimum recommended water treatment standards used in
the United States, will afford substantial protection
against viral and bacterial waterborne diseases.
However, chlorine treatment alone, as used in the
routine disinfection of water, might not kill some
enteric viruses and the parasitic organisms that cause
giardiasis, amebiasis, and cryptosporidiosis. In areas
where chlorinated tap water is not available or where
hygiene and sanitation are poor, travelers should be
advised that only the following might be safe to drink:
Beverages, such as tea and coffee, made with boiled
water.
Canned or bottled carbonated beverages, including
carbonated bottled water and soft drinks.
Treatment of Water
Travelers should be advised of the following methods for
treating water to make it safe for drinking and other
purposes.
Boiling
Boiling is by far the most reliable method to make water
of uncertain purity safe for drinking. Water should be
brought to a vigorous rolling boil for 1 minute and
allowed to cool to room temperature; ice should not be
added. This procedure will kill bacterial and parasitic
causes of diarrhea at all altitudes and viruses at low
altitudes. To kill viruses at altitudes >2,000 m (6,562
ft), water should be boiled for 3 minutes or chemical
disinfection should be used after the water has boiled
for 1 minute. Adding a pinch of salt to each quart or
pouring the water several times from one clean container
to another will improve the taste.
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